diff --git a/src/router/constants.rs b/src/router/constants.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3015ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/router/constants.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+pub const MAX_STAGED_PACKETS: usize = 128;
+pub const WORKER_QUEUE_SIZE: usize = MAX_STAGED_PACKETS;
diff --git a/src/router/device.rs b/src/router/device.rs
index 58ca2f6..2617350 100644
--- a/src/router/device.rs
+++ b/src/router/device.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use super::peer;
 use super::peer::{Peer, PeerInner};
 use super::SIZE_MESSAGE_PREFIX;
 
+use super::constants::WORKER_QUEUE_SIZE;
 use super::messages::TYPE_TRANSPORT;
 use super::types::{Callback, Callbacks, KeyCallback, Opaque, PhantomCallbacks, RouterError};
 use super::workers::{worker_parallel, JobParallel};
@@ -113,13 +114,9 @@ impl<O: Opaque, R: Callback<O>, S: Callback<O>, K: KeyCallback<O>, T: Tun, B: Bi
         let mut queues = Vec::with_capacity(num_workers);
         let mut threads = Vec::with_capacity(num_workers);
         for _ in 0..num_workers {
-            // allocate work queue
-            let (tx, rx) = sync_channel(128);
+            let (tx, rx) = sync_channel(WORKER_QUEUE_SIZE);
             queues.push(spin::Mutex::new(tx));
-
-            // start worker thread
-            let device = inner.clone();
-            threads.push(thread::spawn(move || worker_parallel(device, rx)));
+            threads.push(thread::spawn(move || worker_parallel(rx)));
         }
 
         // return exported device handle
diff --git a/src/router/mod.rs b/src/router/mod.rs
index 0e4bce1..ec560b4 100644
--- a/src/router/mod.rs
+++ b/src/router/mod.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 mod anti_replay;
+mod constants;
 mod device;
 mod messages;
 mod peer;
diff --git a/src/router/peer.rs b/src/router/peer.rs
index a31dfcf..e9f62d5 100644
--- a/src/router/peer.rs
+++ b/src/router/peer.rs
@@ -22,17 +22,15 @@ use super::device::DeviceInner;
 use super::device::EncryptionState;
 use super::messages::TransportHeader;
 
-use futures::sync::oneshot;
 use futures::*;
 
 use super::workers::Operation;
 use super::workers::{worker_inbound, worker_outbound};
 use super::workers::{JobBuffer, JobInbound, JobOutbound, JobParallel};
 
+use super::constants::MAX_STAGED_PACKETS;
 use super::types::Callbacks;
 
-const MAX_STAGED_PACKETS: usize = 128;
-
 pub struct KeyWheel {
     next: Option<Arc<KeyPair>>,     // next key state (unconfirmed)
     current: Option<Arc<KeyPair>>,  // current key state (used for encryption)
diff --git a/src/router/tests.rs b/src/router/tests.rs
index 1e049c4..c2ff378 100644
--- a/src/router/tests.rs
+++ b/src/router/tests.rs
@@ -123,17 +123,30 @@ fn dummy_keypair(initiator: bool) -> KeyPair {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_outbound() {
-    let opaque = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+    // type for tracking events inside the router module
+    struct Flags {
+        send: AtomicBool,
+        recv: AtomicBool,
+        need_key: AtomicBool,
+    }
 
-    // create device (with Opaque = ())
+    type Opaque = Arc<Flags>;
+
+    let opaque = Arc::new(Flags {
+        send: AtomicBool::new(false),
+        recv: AtomicBool::new(false),
+        need_key: AtomicBool::new(false),
+    });
+
+    // create device
     let workers = 4;
     let router = Device::new(
         workers,
         TunTest {},
         BindTest {},
-        |t: &Arc<AtomicBool>, data: bool, sent: bool| println!("send"),
-        |t: &Arc<AtomicBool>, data: bool, sent: bool| {},
-        |t: &Arc<AtomicBool>| t.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst),
+        |t: &Opaque, data: bool, sent: bool| t.send.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst),
+        |t: &Opaque, data: bool, sent: bool| t.recv.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst),
+        |t: &Opaque| t.need_key.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst),
     );
 
     // create peer
@@ -165,7 +178,9 @@ fn test_outbound() {
     peer.add_keypair(dummy_keypair(true));
 
     for (mask, len, ip, okay) in &tests {
-        opaque.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
+        opaque.send.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
+        opaque.recv.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
+        opaque.need_key.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
 
         let mask: IpAddr = mask.parse().unwrap();
 
@@ -187,15 +202,28 @@ fn test_outbound() {
 
         // cryptkey route the IP packet
         let res = router.send(msg);
+
+        // allow some scheduling
+        thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1));
+
         if *okay {
             // cryptkey routing succeeded
             assert!(res.is_ok());
 
-        // and a key should have been requested
-        // assert!(opaque.load(Ordering::Acquire), "did not request key");
+            // attempted to send message
+            assert_eq!(opaque.need_key.load(Ordering::Acquire), false);
+            assert_eq!(opaque.send.load(Ordering::Acquire), true);
+            assert_eq!(opaque.recv.load(Ordering::Acquire), false);
         } else {
+            // no such cryptkey route
             assert!(res.is_err());
+
+            // did not attempt to send message
+            assert_eq!(opaque.need_key.load(Ordering::Acquire), false);
+            assert_eq!(opaque.send.load(Ordering::Acquire), false);
+            assert_eq!(opaque.recv.load(Ordering::Acquire), false);
         }
+
         // clear subnets for next test
         peer.remove_subnets();
     }
diff --git a/src/router/workers.rs b/src/router/workers.rs
index e79502f..537f238 100644
--- a/src/router/workers.rs
+++ b/src/router/workers.rs
@@ -141,10 +141,7 @@ pub fn worker_outbound<C: Callbacks, T: Tun, B: Bind>(
     }
 }
 
-pub fn worker_parallel<C: Callbacks, T: Tun, B: Bind>(
-    device: Arc<DeviceInner<C, T, B>>,
-    receiver: Receiver<JobParallel>,
-) {
+pub fn worker_parallel(receiver: Receiver<JobParallel>) {
     loop {
         // fetch next job
         let (tx, mut buf) = match receiver.recv() {